trom

2016-07-16 12:04:29

Why Are We Getting So Fat?

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YEAR: 2026 | LENGTH: 1 part (60 minutes) | SOURCE: BBC

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Over 62 per cent of adults in the UK are currently overweight or obese and this figure is set to rise. A common attitude is that obese people should be ashamed – it is their fault, they have no will power and if they could just ‘eat less and exercise more’, the problem would soon be solved. Yet, despite millions of pounds being spent on this simple message, the UK is getting fatter every year.

Cambridge geneticist Dr Giles Yeo believes that for many obese people, simply eating less is a lot harder than you might think – and he is taking a road trip around the UK and America to uncover why. He meets the real people behind some of the more shocking newspaper headlines and, through their stories, reveals surprising truths which dispel commonly held myths about obesity. He gains access to scientists and doctors trialling cutting-edge techniques to tackle the crisis – from a ‘miracle’ hormone injection to a transfusion of faecal matter, and even learns a thing or two about his own size and relationship with food.

SIMILAR TITLES:

Why Are Thin People Not Fat?The Truth About FatSugar vs FatA User’s Guide to Cheating DeathTrust Me I’m a Doctor

BBC Two - Horizon, 2016, Why Are We Getting So Fat?

Dr Giles Yeo uncovers why eating less is harder than it sounds for many obese people.

^BBC

trom

2017-07-06 21:39:48

Steal This Film

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YEAR: 2006-2007 | LENGTH: 1-2 parts (77 minutes in total) | SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

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Steal This Film is a film series documenting the movement against intellectual property directed by Jamie King, produced by The League of Noble Peers and released via the BitTorrent peer-to-peer protocol.

Part One, shot in Sweden and released in August 2006, combines accounts from prominent players in the Swedish piracy culture (The Pirate Bay, Piratbyrån, and the Pirate Party) with found material, propaganda-like slogans and Vox Pops. It includes interviews with The Pirate Bay members Fredrik Neij (tiamo), Gottfrid Svartholm (anakata) and Peter Sunde (brokep) that were later re-used by agreement in the documentary film Good Copy Bad Copy, as well as with

Piratbyrån members Rasmus Fleischer (rsms), Johan (krignell) and Sara Andersson (fraux).
The film is notable for its critical analysis of an alleged regulatory capture attempt performed by the Hollywood film lobby to leverage economic sanctions by the United States government on Sweden through the WTO. Evidence is presented of pressure applied through Swedish courts on Swedish police to conducting a search and seizure against The Pirate Bay to disrupt its BitTorrent tracker service, in contravention of Swedish law.

The Guardian’s James Flint called Part One “at heart a traditionally structured ‘talking heads’ documentary” with “amusing stylings” from film-makers who “practice what they preach.” It also screened at the British Film Institute and numerous independent international events, and was a talking point in 2007’s British Documentary Film Festival. In January 2008 it was featured on BBC Radio 4’s Today, in a discussion piece which explored the implications of P2P for traditional media.Material found in Steal This Film includes the music of Can, tracks “Thief” and “She Brings the Rain”; clips from other documentary interviews with industry and governmental officials; several industry anti-piracy promotionals; logos from several major Hollywood studios, and sequences from The Day After Tomorrow, The Matrix, Zabriskie Point, and They Live. The use of these short clips is believed to constitute fair use.

Material found in Steal This Film includes the music of Can, tracks “Thief” and “She Brings the Rain”; clips from other documentary interviews with industry and governmental officials; several industry anti-piracy promotionals; logos from several major Hollywood studios, and sequences from The Day After Tomorrow, The Matrix, Zabriskie Point, and They Live. The use of these short clips is believed to constitute fair use.

Steal This Film (Part 2) (sometimes subtitled ‘The Dissolving Fortress’) was produced during 2007. It premiered (in a preliminary version) at a conference entitled “The Oil of the 21st Century – Perspectives on Intellectual Property” in Berlin, Germany, November 2007.

Thematically, Part 2 “examines the technological and enforcement end of the copyright wars, and on the way that using the internet makes you a copier, and how copying puts you in legal jeopardy.” It discusses Mark Getty’s assertion that ‘intellectual property is the oil of the 21st century’. Part 2 draws parallels between the impact of the printing press and the internet in terms of making information accessible beyond a privileged group or “controllers”. The argument is made that the decentralised nature of the internet makes the enforcement of conventional copyright impossible. Adding to this the internet turns consumers into producers, by way of user generated content, leading to the sharing, mashup and creation of content not motivated by financial gains. This has fundamental implications for market-based media companies. The documentary asks “How will society change” and states “This is the Future – And it has nothing to do with your bank balance”.

Boing Boing’s Cory Doctorow called it ‘an amazing, funny, enraging and inspiring documentary series’, and Part II “even better than part I.”

SIMILAR TITLES:

The Pirate Bay: Away From KeyboardHow do hackers steal your ID?The Enemies of ReasonThis Film Is Not Yet RatedWe Live In PublicBurning Desire: The Seduction Of Smoking

trom

2014-06-11 21:45:20

Burning Desire: The Seduction Of Smoking

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YEAR: 2014 | LENGTH: 2 parts (56 minutes each) | SOURCE: BBC

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Cigarettes are the most lethal consumer product on the planet. Yet the burning desire for tobacco is as strong as ever. And it’s not just smokers. It’s government exchequers too, with tobacco revenue bringing in almost twice the cost to the NHS of treating smoking-related diseases.*

In Burning Desire: The Seduction Of Smoking, award-winning journalist Peter Taylor investigates how, despite all the health warnings and decades of increasing government regulations, thousands of young people around the world are seduced by smoking every day. He examines how powerful cigarette companies manipulate smokers, and is given rare access to the world’s second-biggest tobacco company. Every year, more than five million customers of the tobacco industry die – in the UK alone, 100,000 people die from the world’s biggest cause of preventable death.

Peter travels to Australia to look at the industry’s last-ditch battle to prevent plain packaging in which glossy images are replaced with gruesome health warnings. And now, other countries are poised to follow suit, including England and Wales, after fierce lobbying and two controversial U-turns. For an industry under constant attack, the tobacco industry is in remarkable health. With eye-watering profits of more than £30 billion, producing six trillion cigarettes a year, the industry would appear to be winning. Peter Taylor has spent 40 years investigating how, in the past, the industry has dissembled and lied – which makes it all the more remarkable he was given rare access to the second-largest tobacco company in the world, British American Tobacco.

He talks to their executives and learns how BAT, now openly recognising that smoking kills, has set itself a new core strategy of ‘harm reduction’, developing a range of less harmful alternatives to conventional cigarettes. In this two-part series, Peter – honoured with a Royal Television Society Lifetime Achievement Award for his outstanding contribution to journalism earlier this year – returns to an industry he last exposed 30 years ago. In his seminal documentaries in the 1970s and early 1980s he revealed the denials, duplicity and dirty tricks of an industry that refused to acknowledge the truth about tobacco.

Now, Peter sets out to find how much the tobacco industry has changed and if there is any likelihood of the burning desire ever being extinguished.

episodes:

Part 01

No description available.

Part 02

No description available.

SIMILAR TITLES:

Trust Me I’m a DoctorE-Cigarettes: Miracle or Menace?We Love CigarettesA User’s Guide to Cheating DeathMerchants of DoubtSecrets of the Seduction Bootcamp

trom

2020-01-10 21:00:41

Trust Me I’m a Doctor

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YEAR: 2013-2019 | LENGTH: 9 seasons, 36 episodes (~30 minutes each) | SOURCE: BBC

description:

Going behind the headlines to give the definitive answers to health questions.

episodes:

season 1

Episode 01

Can you be fat and fit? Could you improve your health by staying in bed longer? Should we all be taking an Aspirin pill to help us live longer? Michael Mosley is joined by a team of doctors who use their expertise to get to the bottom all those health claims.Dr Chris van Tulleken examines what diseases lurk on Britain’s hands; Dr Saleyha Ahsan has some simple tips that could allow you to save a life; and surgeon Gabriel Weston witnesses brain surgery without a knife.

Episode 02

The series that cuts through the confusing adverts, headlines and health advice to provide information you need to live healthily. Are vitamin pills money down the loo? Should we all be signing up to private health checks? Will antibiotics cure back pain? And does getting cold make you catch one?

Michael Mosley and the team of doctors are in Chester to test an extraordinary idea, that simply standing up more could transform our health. Gabriel Weston witnesses surgical history as she attends a womb transplant, Saleyha Ahsan demonstrates how to stop someone choking and Michael asks if he should be taking statins.

Episode 03

The series that cuts through the confusing adverts, headlines and health advice to provide information you need to live healthily.

Michael Mosley and the team of doctors are in Lancaster to test if trees could be the answer to a hidden health threat that kills 29,000 people a year – air pollution. The team also finds out the answers to many health questions. Is there a cure for hay fever? Are smoothies good for you? Is coffee bad for you? Will Probiotic yoghurts keep you healthy? And should more people be taking HRT?

Also in this episode, Gabriel Weston is tracking down a novel cure to migraines that been found in a beauty clinic and Saleyha Ahsan is on a mission to teach us all how to revive a drowning casualty.

season 2

Episode 01

Can we eat the same food and still lose weight? In a world first, Dr Chris van Tulleken discovers how to make some of our favourite meals healthier without changing a single ingredient.

Medical journalist Michael Mosley finds out why getting more sun on our skin can actually be good for us. Surgeon Gabriel Weston travels to the US to witness a remarkable surgical procedure that’s helping the paralysed to regain movement.

Also, GPs can prescribe acupuncture on the NHS but does it work? Dr Salehya Ahsan looks at the evidence for this controversial treatment.

Episode 02

Can foods be as potent as medicines? It’s claimed garlic, beetroot and watermelon can all reduce our blood pressure – but what’s the truth? Dr Chris van Tulleken investigates.

Medical journalist Michael Mosley quizzes leading experts to discover if sugar really is a toxin. Dr Saleyha Ahsan dispels some popular myths about treating burns and surgeon Gabriel Weston travels to Russia to witness a controversial operation where stems cells are being used to rebuild organs.

Episode 03

Does caffeine really help us to stay alert and what are the alternatives? In this programme some surprising ways to boost our brains are put to the test.

Also medical journalist Michael Mosley examines the growing trend for electronic cigarettes and asks if they are safe. Dr Chris van Tulleken investigates if household chores can count as exercise. Dr Saleyha Ahsan gives first-aid tips on how to treat someone suffering from hypothermia and surgeon Gabriel Weston sees life-saving surgery that involves removing all the blood from a patient’s body.

season 3

Episode 01
The doctors are back! In the first programme of the series, the team bring you the definitive answers to questions including how to avoid losing your marbles and Michael Mosley’s tips to cure cramp. Dr Saleyha Ahsan shows how to spot the signs of a deep vein thrombosis, Dr Chris van Tulleken reveals the shocking truth about what is actually in herbal supplements sold in the UK, and surgeon Gabriel Weston travels to the US to witness an astonishing new treatment that could cure crippling back pain for millions of people.

Episode 02
Michael Mosley and the doctors go behind the health myths and headlines. In this programme, Michael joins volunteers in a study to discover whether just changing your diet can lower cholesterol as much as taking drugs like statins – with surprising results. Dr Saleyha Ahsan reveals new research that could cure snoring, surgeon Gabriel Weston sees the incredible results of an unusual treatment for a hospital superbug which could soon be saving lives here in the UK, and Dr Chris van Tulleken investigates the truth behind skincare products – could they being doing you more harm than good?

Episode 03
Michael Mosley and the doctors delve once again into the confusing world of health claims. In this programme, they recruit over 200 volunteers to test a surprising way to cure food cravings, while Michael tries a new technique to beat the habits we find hardest to kick. Dr Chris van Tulleken looks at whether organic food is better for your health, whilst surgeon Gabriel Weston investigates a potentially groundbreaking new treatment for cancer and Dr Saleyha Ahsan shows how to spot a stroke before it happens.

season 4

Episode 01

It’s a new year and another series of Trust Me, I’m a Doctor, ready to help you shake off the festive excesses. In this special New Year programme, Dr Saleyha Ahsan oversees a world-first experiment to see how we can burn more fat – without doing any more exercise.

Michael Mosley gives a cheat’s guide to a better body, with results that astonish the scientists. Dr Chris van Tulleken puts protein shakes to the test, and surgeon Gabriel Weston meets a woman who has sight restored for the first time in 16 years, thanks to a bionic eye.

Episode 02

Dr Chris van Tulleken runs a groundbreaking experiment with the University of Surrey to see whether simply changing our mealtimes can help us all lose weight, whilst Gabriel Weston looks at whether dietproducts could actually be making us put it on!

Dr Saleyha Ahsan investigates the chemicals sprayed around our houses, and Michael Mosley gets to the truth about alcohol: can it be good for our health? Plus the story of a 12-year-old girl undergoing a new treatment for peanut allergy, and how to treat someone having an allergic reaction.

Episode 03

The doctors are in Glasgow, using a cutting-edge technique to discover whether olive oil really is good for us.

Dr Chris van Tulleken gets to the truth about whether beards are unhygienic, Michael Mosley interrogates the experts about whether meat is bad for us, and Dr Saleyha Ahsan hears from the survivors of sepsis on how we can all spot the signs of this little-known killer.

Episode 04

In the final episode of the series, the doctors reveal the secrets to how we can all stick to those health resolutions we made at New Year, but are already struggling to keep.

Surgeon Gabriel Weston experiments with a herbal supplement said to help us drink less alcohol, Dr Chris van Tulleken reveals some unusual ways to get a better night’s sleep, and Michael Mosley uncovers the secret of staying motivated.

Meanwhile, Dr Saleyha Ahsan tests some revolutionary new science that could help us all easily lose weight and be healthier.

season 5

Episode 01

Michael Mosley and the doctors set up experiments to get to the truth behind health claims and headlines.

Dr Chris van Tulleken teams up with Nottingham University to see whether high intensity exercise is as good for us as is claimed, guest presenter Dr Zoe Williams gets a group of volunteers to help put some home fitness monitors to the test and Michael Mosley investigates whether acupuncture really does have a scientific basis.

Meanwhile, surgeon Gabriel Weston travels to the former Soviet Union to see a technology devised behind the iron curtain which could solve the problem of antibiotic resistance in the West, and Dr Saleyha Ahsan outlines the new guidelines on concussion: how can we tell whether a bang on the head is serious enough to go to a doctor?

Episode 02

This time, Michael Mosley reveals a new discovery that could help us all improve our eyesight and Dr Chris van Tulleken carries out an experiment with the University of Worcester to find out whether the fad for going gluten free can be good for us.

Surgeon Gabriel Weston witnesses a breakthrough that could cure rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases and Dr Saleyha Ahsan investigates the signs and symptoms of depression – what should we all look out for?

Episode 03
Michael Mosley and the doctors undertake the most ambitious experiment yet on the series – testing whether the spice turmeric could help protect us against cancer, with the help of nearly 100 volunteers,several UK universities and some brand new technology. Gabriel Weston learns how one of these methods, based on a new understanding of the very beginnings of cancer, could soon provide us all with personalised cancer tests. Dr Chris van Tulleken investigates whether glucosamine pills really help with joint pain, and Dr Saleyha Ahsan looks at whether cheap painkillers are as good as expensive brands. Guest Dr Zoe Williams, meanwhile, tries out home cholesterol test kits.

season 6

Episode 01

Michael Mosley investigates whether diet or exercise is a more effective way to keep calories in check, and Saleyha Ahsan runs an experiment to find out whether probiotic products really can improve health.

Chris van Tulleken discovers whether red wine lives up to its healthy reputation, Zoe Williams looks at how sleep duration affects how much people eat, and Gabriel Weston witnesses the first operation of its kind in the UK – fitting a sternum implant made using 3D printing.

Episode 02

Dr Zoe Williams investigates whether people can boost their metabolism, Michael asks whether people should be worried about air pollution, and Dr Saleyha Ahsan meets survivors of eating disorders to try and identify the signs and symptoms.

Gabriel Weston visits the Netherlands to find out about a new treatment for eczema, and Dr Chris van Tulleken reveals what kind of weights people should be lifting at the gym.

Episode 03
Michael sets off an ambitious study on the health benefits of omega-3 fish oils, while Dr Chris van Tulleken puts omega-3 supplements to the test. Dr Zoe Williams goes on a high fat diet and discovers why eating a lot of fat affects men and women differently. Gabriel Weston seeks out an innovative new brain treatment for PTSD, and Dr Saleyha Ahsan reveals how to spot the symptoms of a little-known condition that can cause sudden and irreversible sight loss.

season 7

Episode 01
In this programme, Michael Mosley finds out why fizzy drinks make you eat more. GP Dr Zoe Williams investigates whether caffeine boosts your physical performance. Geneticist Dr Giles Yeo discovers what men can do about baldness. Surgeon Gabriel Weston looks into the new artificial pancreas that could transform life for diabetics. And Dr Alain Gregoire gives the psychiatrist’s guide to obsessive compulsive disorder.

Episode 02

Michael Mosley runs an experiment to test the claim that coconut oil can cut cholesterol. Giles Yeo investigates how much fruit is too much. Zoe Williams investigates a sleep disorder that causes up to 40,000 road accidents a year. Michael quizzes two experts on whether genetic-testing kits are worth the money. And Alain Gregoire finds out how you can use your eyes to help cope with age-related hearing loss.

Episode 03
Michael Mosley runs an experiment to find out if eating carbs in the evening is bad for you. GP Zoe Williams investigates a condition that leaves millions of us with painfully cold fingers and finds out how to reduce the effects of jet lag. Psychiatrist Alain Gregoire reveals how to recognise PTSD and what you can do about it. And surgeon Gabriel Weston discovers the innovative magnetic technology helping cancer surgeons to remove tumours in the operating theatre.

Episode 04
Michael Mosley runs an experiment to find out which foods are best for providing a crucial but neglected nutrient: iodine. Geneticist Dr Giles Yeo discovers why stress can make you put on weight. GP Dr Zoe Williams tackles the question: how safe are x-rays? Michael questions two experts on how the NHS spends our money. And psychiatrist Dr Alain Gregoire reveals how mental health first aid aims to reduce the rates of suicide and mental illness.

Episode 05

Michael Mosley runs an experiment to test whether beetroot and leafy greens can give your body and brain a boost. GP Dr Zoe Williams investigates the new generation flu vaccine and gives advice on which health apps for your phone can be trusted. Surgeon Gabriel Weston discovers a new treatment that promises to improve the mobility of stroke survivors. And psychiatrist Dr Alain Gregoire reveals how to spot generalised anxiety disorder and what you can do about it.

Episode 06

Michael Mosley teams up with Olympic athletes to test which types of exercise give you the strongest bones. Geneticist Dr Giles Yeo investigates how to stay healthy if your body clock is out of sync with your work day. GP Dr Zoe Williams looks into which health advice on the internet you can trust. And surgeon Gabriel Weston carries out an experiment to discover if cleaning our homes with antibacterial products could be responsible for the rise in allergies and asthma.

season 8

Episode 01
In this programme, Michael Mosley finds out how learning a new language can help stave off dementia. Giles Yeo goes vegan for a month to test whether it makes him healthier. Gabriel Weston asks whether you can get drunk on boozy food. Zoe Williams looks at what you can do to improve your health if you are living with heart disease. Alain Gregoire discovers how to protect your teeth from a hidden danger.

Episode 02
In this programme, Michael Mosley and Zoe Williams test whether ‘exercise snacking’ – short bursts of exercise integrated into daily life – can be as good for your health as one long workout. Giles Yeo looks at how we can get more iron into our diet. Alain Gregoire finds out what all men need to know to protect themselves from prostate cancer. And Gabriel Weston finds out about an exciting breakthrough in gene therapy.

Episode 03
Michael Mosley finds out whether a glass of wine can protect your blood vessels from the harmful effects of junk food. Giles Yeo sets out to test home breathalyser kits – and uncovers a potentially dangerous weakness in the drink-drive laws in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Zoe Williams finds out what you can do to improve your health if you are living with cancer. And Gabriel Weston has the lowdown on what is safe to eat and drink when you are pregnant.

Episode 04
As we gear up for BBC Music Day, Michael Mosley finds out whether singing can boost feel-good chemicals in the brain, Dr Zoe Williams discovers why music could help people with dementia, and Dr Alain Gregoire looks at some new research showing the surprising benefits of group singing for mothers with post-natal depression. Also in the programme, Dr Giles Yeo finds out whether ‘man flu’ is real, and Gabriel Weston asks whether detoxing is a con.

Episode 05
Michael Mosley finds out what giving up alcohol for a month really does to your health. Gabriel Weston investigates what we really know about the risks and benefits of medical cannabis. Dr Zoe Williams reveals how to get the most out of your GP appointment. Dr Alain Gregoire discovers a surprising way massage benefits your health. And Dr Giles Yeo finds out how to avoid exam stress.

Episode 06
Michael Mosley finds out whether t’ai chi can offer the same health benefits as vigorous exercise – without all the huffing and puffing. Surgeon Gabriel Weston discovers a pioneering new technology that is transforming complex brain surgery. Dr Giles Yeo asks what we can do about heartburn. Dr Zoe Williams asks – how safe are the medicines we buy online?

season 9

Episode 01

Michael Mosley tests how vigorously you really need to exercise to start seeing improvements to your physical and mental health.

Alain Gregoire cures his lifelong phobia of heights in just two hours using virtual reality. Zoe Williams investigates whether the ten-minute one-to-one GP appointment could be under threat.

Giles Yeo tests whether hot or cold drinks are better to cool you down. And Guddi Singh looks into a mystery illness that is often dismissed as a bout of morning sickness.

Episode 02
Michael Mosley and the doctors are back. Giles Yeo tests the extraordinary claim that eating less can boost your memory. Alain Gregoire discovers our body’s secret built-in stress-buster. Zoe Williams reveals how to spot a hidden illness that can cause stillbirth. Michael uncovers how a simple magnet can save the sight of people with glaucoma. And in a special report, Dr Javid Abdelmoneim investigates what’s really in the cannabis-based health products you can buy over the counter.

Episode 03

Can you eat yourself happy? Michael Mosley tests whether our diet can affect our mental health. Guddi Singh finds out the best way to calm a crying baby. Alain Gregoire uncovers the future tech that could tell us if we are developing dementia.

Zoe Williams reveals a new treatment for psoriasis – a skin condition that affects over a million of us. And Michael tests how best to keep your dishes bug-free when you do the washing up.

SIMILAR TITLES:

Incredible Medicine: Dr Weston’s CasebookMedical MavericksThe Brain, a Secret HistoryBlood and Guts: A History of SurgeryShould I Eat Meat?The Truth About Fat

BBC Two - Trust Me, I'm a Doctor - Episode guide

All episodes of Trust Me, I'm a Doctor

^BBC

trom

2021-03-23 15:15:31

Drowning in Plastic

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YEAR: 2018 | LENGTH: 1 part (90 minutes) | SOURCE: BBC

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Our blue planet is facing one its biggest threats in human history. Trillions of pieces of plastic are choking the very lifeblood of our earth, and every marine animal, from the smallest plankton to the largest mammals, is being affected. But can we turn back this growing plastic tide before it is too late? In this 90-minute special, wildlife biologist Liz Bonnin visits scientists working at the cutting edge of plastics research. She works with some of the world’s leading marine biologists and campaigners to discover the true dangers of plastic in our oceans and what it means for the future of all life on our planet, including us.

Liz travels 10,000 miles to a remote island off the coast of Australia that is the nesting site for a population of seabirds called flesh-footed shearwaters. Newly hatched chicks are unable to regurgitate effectively, so they are filling up on deadly plastic. Then, in America, she joins an emergency mission to save an entangled grey seal pup found in some of the world’s busiest fishing areas, and visits the Coral Triangle that stretches from Papua New Guinea to the Solomon Islands to find out more from top coral scientists trying to work out why plastic is so lethal to the reefs, fragile ecosystems that contain 25 per cent of all marine life.

Liz learns that the world’s biggest rivers have been turned into huge plastic arteries, transporting 50 per cent of all the plastic that arrives in the ocean. She travels to Indonesia, where she watches a horrifying raft of plastic rubbish travel down one of the main rivers, the Citarum. Here, 60 per cent of fish species have died, so fishermen are now forced to collect plastic to sell instead of fish.

With the world only now waking up to this emerging crisis, Liz also looks at whether scientists have found any solutions. She meets the 24-year-old inventor of a monumental 600-metre construction that will travel across the ocean’s ‘garbage patches’ collecting millions of pieces of plastic pollution. She also meets a local environmental campaigner who is working with volunteers and the Indonesian army to clean up the worst affected areas, and a young entrepreneur who has invented an alternative to plastic packaging that is made from seaweed. Plastic in our oceans is one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and this film hopes to add to the urgent and vitally important debate about how to solve this global crisis.

SIMILAR TITLES:

Blue Planet 2War on Plastic with Hugh and AnitaOceans of PlasticOcean Autopsy: The Secret Story of Our SeasThe Story of PlasticThe Blue Planet

BBC One - Drowning in Plastic

Wildlife biologist Liz Bonnin discovers the true dangers of plastic in our oceans.

^BBC

trom

2013-08-15 18:32:13

The Trap: What Happened To Our Dream Of Freedom

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YEAR: 2007 | LENGTH: 3 parts (60 minutes each) | SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

description:

The series consists of three one-hour programmes which explore the concept and definition of freedom, specifically, “how a simplistic model of human beings as self-seeking, almost robotic, creatures led to today’s idea of freedom.”

episodes:

01. Fuck you Budy

In this episode, Curtis examines the rise of game theory during the Cold War and the way in which its mathematical models of human behaviour filtered into economic thought.

The programme traces the development of game theory with particular reference to the work of John Nash (the mathematician portrayed in A Beautiful Mind), who believed that all humans were inherently suspicious and selfish creatures that strategised constantly. Using this as his first premise, Nash constructed logically consistent and mathematically verifiable models, for which he won the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences, commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics. He invented system games reflecting his beliefs about human behaviour, including one he called “Fuck Your Buddy” (later published as “So Long Sucker”), in which the only way to win was to betray your playing partner, and it is from this game that the episode’s title is taken. These games were internally coherent and worked correctly as long as the players obeyed the ground rules that they should behave selfishly and try to outwit their opponents,[citation needed] but when RAND’s analysts tried the games on their own secretaries, they instead chose not to betray each other but to cooperate every time. This did not, in the eyes of the analysts, discredit the models but instead proved that the secretaries were unfit subjects. See U.S. Air Force Project RAND Memorandum RM-789-1, “Some Experimental Games,” Merill M. Flood, 20 June 1952, pp. 15–16: “This is in contrast to the proposed theoretical solution in which the two secretaries would have shared the amount g only, with the first secretary receiving m in addition. Upon inquiry, it developed that they had entered into the experiment with the prior agreement to share all proceeds equally!”

What was not known at the time was that Nash was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and, as a result, was deeply suspicious of everyone around him—including his colleagues—and was convinced that many were involved in conspiracies against him. It was this mistaken belief that led to his view of people as a whole that formed the basis for his theories. Footage of an older and wiser Nash was shown in which he acknowledges that his paranoid views of other people at the time were false.

Curtis examines how game theory was used to create the USA’s nuclear strategy during the Cold War. Because no nuclear war occurred, it was believed that game theory had been correct in dictating the creation and maintenance of a massive American nuclear arsenal—because the Soviet Union had not attacked America with its nuclear weapons, the supposed deterrent must have worked. Game theory during the Cold War is a subject Curtis examined in more detail in the To The Brink of Eternity part of his first series, Pandora’s Box, and he reuses much of the same archive material in doing so.

A separate strand in the documentary is the work of R.D. Laing, whose work in psychiatry led him to model familial interactions using game theory. His conclusion was that humans are inherently selfish, shrewd, and spontaneously generate stratagems during everyday interactions. Laing’s theories became more developed when he concluded that some forms of mental illness were merely artificial labels, used by the state to suppress individual suffering. This belief became a staple tenet of counterculture during the 1960s. Reference is made to theRosenhan experiment, in which bogus patients, surreptitiously self-presenting at a number of American psychiatric institutions, were falsely diagnosed as having mental disorders, while institutions, informed that they were to receive bogus patients, “identified” numerous supposed imposters who were actually genuine patients. The results of the experiment were a disaster for American psychiatry, because they destroyed the idea that psychiatrists were a privileged elite able to genuinely diagnose, and therefore treat, mental illness.

All these theories tended to support the beliefs of economists such as Friedrich von Hayek, whose economic models left no room for altruism, but depended purely on self-interest, leading to the formation of public choice theory. In an interview, the economist James M. Buchanan decries the notion of the “public interest”, asking what it is and suggesting that it consists purely of the self-interest of the governing bureaucrats. Buchanan also proposes that organisations should employ managers who are motivated only by money. He describes those who are motivated by other factors—such as job satisfaction or a sense of public duty—as “zealots”.

As the 1960s became the 1970s, the theories of Laing and the models of Nash began to converge, producing a widespread popular belief that the state (a surrogate family) was purely and simply a mechanism of social control which calculatedly kept power out of the hands of the public. Curtis shows that it was this belief that allowed the theories of Hayek to look credible, and underpinned the free-market beliefs of Margaret Thatcher, who sincerely believed that by dismantling as much of the British state as possible—and placing former national institutions into the hands of public shareholders—a form of social equilibrium would be reached. This was a return to Nash’s work, in which he proved mathematically that if everyone was pursuing their own interests, a stable, yet perpetually dynamic, society could result.

The episode ends with the suggestion that this mathematically modelled society is run on data—performance targets, quotas, statistics—and that it is these figures combined with the exaggerated belief in human selfishness that has created “a cage” for Western humans. The precise nature of the “cage” is to be discussed in the next episode.

02. The Lonely Robot

The second episode reiterated many of the ideas of the first, but developed the theme that drugs such as Prozac and lists of psychological symptoms which might indicate anxiety or depression were being used to normalise behaviour and make humans behave more predictably, like machines.

This was not presented as a conspiracy theory, but as a logical (although unpredicted) outcome of market-driven self-diagnosis by checklist based on symptoms, but not actual causes, discussed in the previous programme.

People with standard mood fluctuations diagnosed themselves as abnormal. They then presented themselves at psychiatrist’s offices, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria without offering personal histories, and were medicated. The alleged result was that vast numbers of Western people have had their behaviour and mentation modified by SSRI drugs without any strict medical necessity.

The Ax Fight—a famous anthropological study of the Yanomamo people of Venezuela by Tim Asch and Napoleon Chagnon—was re-examined and its strictly genetic-determinist interpretation called into question. Other researchers were called upon to verify Chagnon’s conclusions and arrived at totally opposed opinions. The suggestion was raised that the presence of a film crew and the handing out of machetes to some, but not all, tribesmen might have caused them to ‘perform’ as they did. While being questioned by Curtis, Chagnon was so annoyed by this suggestion that he terminated the interview and walked out of shot, protesting under his breath.

A film of Richard Dawkins propounding his ultra-strict “selfish gene” analogy of life was shown, with the archive clips spanning two decades to emphasise how the severely reductionist ideas of programmed behaviour have been absorbed by mainstream culture. (Later, however, the documentary gives evidence that cells are able to selectively replicate parts of DNA dependent on current needs. According to Curtis such evidence detracts from the simplified economic models of human beings). This brought Curtis back to the economic models of Hayek and the game theories of the cold war. Curtis explains how, with the “robotic” description of mankind apparently validated by geneticists, the game theory systems gained even more hold over society’s engineers.

The programme describes how the Clinton administration gave in to market theorists in the US and how New Labour in the UK decided to measure everything it could, the better to improve it, introducing such artificial and unmeasurable targets as: Reduction of hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa by 48%; Reduction of global conflict by 6%.

It also introduced a rural community vibrancy index in order to gauge the quality of life in British villages and a birdsong index to check the apparent decline of wildlife.

In industry and the public services, this way of thinking led to a plethora of targets, quotas, and plans. It was meant to set workers free to achieve these targets in any way they chose. What these game-theory schemes did not predict was that the players, faced with impossible demands, would cheat.

Curtis describes how, in order to meet artificially inflated targets: Lothian and Borders Police reclassified dozens of criminal offences as “suspicious occurrences”, in order to keep them out of crime figures; Some NHS hospital trusts created an unofficial post of “The Hello Nurse,”[6] whose sole task it was to greet new arrivals in order to claim for statistical purposes that the patient had been “seen,” even though no treatment or even examination had occurred during the encounter; NHS managers took the wheels off trolleys and reclassified them as beds, while simultaneously reclassifying corridors as wards, in order to falsify Accident & Emergency waiting times statistics.

In a section called “The Death of Social Mobility”, Curtis also describes how the theory of the free market was applied to education. In the UK, the introduction of school performance league tables was intended to give individual schools more power and autonomy, to enable them to compete for pupils, the theory being that this would motivate poorer performing schools to improve; it was an attempt to move away from the rigid state control that had offered little choice to parents while failing to improve education standards, and towards a culture of free choice and incentivisation, without going so far as to privatise the schools. Following publication of the school league tables, richer parents moved into the catchment areas of the best schools, causing house prices in those areas to rise dramatically—ensuring that poorer parents’ children were left with the worst-performing schools. This is just one aspect of a more rigidly stratified society, which Curtis identifies in the way in which the incomes of the poorest (working class) Americans have actually fallen in real terms since the 1970s, while the incomes of the average (middle class) have increased slightly and those of the highest one percent of earners (upper class) have quadrupled. Similarly, babies in poorer areas in the UK are twice as likely to die in their first year as children from prosperous areas.

Curtis’s narration concludes with the observation that the game theory/free market model is now undergoing interrogation by economists who suspect a more irrational model of behaviour is appropriate and useful. In fact, in formal experiments the only people who behaved exactly according to the mathematical models created by game theory are economists themselves, and psychopaths.

03. We Will Force You To Be Free

The final programme focussed on the concepts of positive and negative liberty introduced in the 1950s by Isaiah Berlin. Curtis briefly explained how negative liberty could be defined as freedom from coercion and positive liberty as the opportunity to strive to fulfill one’s potential. Tony Blair had read Berlin’s essays on the topic and wrote to him[7] in the late 1990s, arguing that positive and negative liberty could be mutually compatible. He never received a reply, as Berlin was on his death bed.

The programme began with a description of the Two Concepts of Liberty and Berlin’s opinion that, since it lacked coercion, negative liberty was the safer of the two. Curtis then explained how many political groups who sought their vision of freedom ended up using violence to achieve it.

For example the French revolutionaries wished to overthrow a monarchical system which they viewed as antithetical to freedom, but in so doing ended up with the Reign of Terror. Similarly, the Bolshevik revolutionaries in Russia, who sought to overthrow the old order and replace it with a society in which everyone was equal, ended up creating a totalitarian regime which used violence to achieve its ends.

Using violence, not simply as a means to achieve one’s goals, but also as an expression of freedom from Western bourgeois norms, was an idea developed by Afro-Caribbean revolutionary Frantz Fanon. He developed it from the existentialist ideology of Jean-Paul Sartre, who argued that terrorism was a “terrible weapon but the oppressed poor have no others.”.[8] These views were expressed, for example, in the revolutionary film The Battle of Algiers.

This programme also explored how economic freedom had been used in Russia and the problems this had introduced. A set of policies known as “shock therapy” were brought in mainly by outsiders, which had the effect of destroying the social safety net that existed in most other western nations and Russia. In the latter, the sudden removal of e.g. the subsidies for basic goods caused their prices to rise enormously, making them hardly affordable for ordinary people. An economic crisis escalated during the 1990s and some people were paid in goods rather than money. Then-president Boris Yeltsin was accused by his parliamentary deputies of “economic genocide”, due to the large numbers of people now too poor to eat. Yeltsin responded to this by removing parliament’s power and becoming increasingly autocratic.

At the same time, many formerly state-owned industries were sold to private businesses, often at a fraction of their real value. Ordinary people, often in financial difficulties, would sell shares, which to them were worthless, for cash, without appreciating their true value. This ended up with the rise of the “Oligarchs”—super-rich businessmen who attributed their rise to the sell offs of the ’90s. It resulted in a polarisation of society into the poor and ultra-rich, and indirectly led to a more autocratic style of government under Vladimir Putin, which, while less free, promised to provide people with dignity and basic living requirements.

There was a similar review of post-war Iraq, in which an even more extreme “shock therapy” was employed—the removal from government of all Ba’ath party employees and the introduction of economic models which followed the simplified economic model of human beings outlined in the first two programmes—this had the result of immediately disintegrating Iraqi society and the rise of two strongly autocratic insurgencies, one based on Sunni-Ba’athist ideals and another based on revolutionary Shi’a philosophies.

Curtis also looked at the neo-conservative agenda of the 1980s. Like Sartre, they argued that violence would sometimes be necessary to achieve their goals, except they wished to spread what they described as democracy. Curtis quoted General Alexander Haig then US Secretary of State, as saying that “some things were worth fighting for”. However, Curtis argued, although the version of society espoused by the neo-conservatives made some concessions towards freedom, it did not offer true freedom. Although the neo-conservatives, for example, forced the Augusto Pinochet regime in Chile and the Ferdinand Marcos regime in the Philippines to hold democratic elections, these transformations to democracy essentially replaced one elite with another, and the gap between those who have power and wealth, and those who have neither, remained; the freedom the change provided was therefore relatively narrow in concept.

The neo-conservatives wanted to change or overthrow the Sandinistas — a socialist group in Nicaragua — who were seen as tyrannical, destabilising, and a threat to US security; the U.S. therefore supported anti-communist rebels known collectively as the Contras, whom Curtis states carried out many violations of human rights including the torture and murder of civilians. US Government financial support to the Contras had been banned by the US Congress, so other means were used to continue financing them, including the CIA allegedly providing aircraft for the rebels to fly cocaine into the United States, as well as the Iran–Contra affair in which the US illegally supplied weapons to the Iranian government, originally in exchange for assistance to gain the release of US prisoners in Lebanon, but also allegedly for cash which was then given to the Contras. Curtis uses this as another example of how the neo-conservatives had fallen into the trap that Berlin had predicted: although they wanted to spread negative freedom, because they saw their ideology as an absolute truth they were able to justify using coercion and lies and also to support violence in order to perpetuate it.

However such policies did not always result in the achievement of neo-conservative aims and occasionally threw up genuine surprises. Curtis examined the Western-backed government of the Shah in Iran, and how the mixing of Sartre’s positive libertarian ideals with Shia religious philosophy led to the revolution which overthrew it. Having previously been a meek philosophy of acceptance of the social order, in the minds of revolutionaries such as Ali Shariati and Ayatollah Khomeini, Revolutionary Shia Islam became a meaningful force to overthrow tyranny.

The programme reviewed the government of Tony Blair and its role in achieving its vision of a stable society. In fact, argued Curtis, the Blair government had created the opposite of freedom, in that the type of liberty it had engendered wholly lacked any kind of meaning. Its military intervention in Iraq had provoked terrorist actions in the UK and these terrorist actions were in turn used to justify restrictions of liberty.

In essence, the programme suggested that following the path of negative liberty to its logical conclusions, as governments have done in the West for the past 50 years, resulted in a society without meaning populated only by selfish automatons, and that there was some value in positive liberty in that it allowed people to strive to better themselves.

The closing minutes directly state that if western humans were ever to find their way out of the “trap” described in the series, they would have to realise that Isaiah Berlin was wrong and that not all attempts to change the world for the better necessarily lead to tyranny.

ur.Dreams.of.Freedom.1of3.F.You.Buddy.DVB.XviD.MP3.www.mvgroup.org.avi&tr=http%3A%2F%2Fmvgroup.org%3A2710%2Fannounce&tr=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvgroup.org%3A2710%2Fannounce&tr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.coppersurfer.tk%3A6969%2Fannounce&tr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.opentrackr.org%3A1337%2Fannounce&tr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.pirateparty.gr%3A6969%2Fannounce&tr=wss%3A%2F%2Ftracker.btorrent.xyz&tr=wss%3A%2F%2Ftracker.fastcast.nz&tr=wss%3A%2F%2Ftracker.openwebtorrent.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">

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